Chapter 4 – Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics
Be Familiar with all definitions throughout the chapter
Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics definitions:
- Bioenergetics: thestudyofenergytransformationinlivingsystems.
- Metabolism: thesumofthephysicalandchemicalprocessesin anorganismbywhichitsmaterialsubstanceisproduced,maintained, anddestroyed,andbywhichenergyismadeavailable.
- Exercise Metabolism: the sum of all body processes under the stress of exercise.
Energy Metabolism
- Substrates: thesubstanceacteduponbyanenzyme.
- Carbohydrates: anyofaclassoforganiccompoundsthatare andthatform thesupportingtissuesofplantsandareimportantfoodforanimalsand people.
- Glucose: asugar,C6H12O6, havingseveralopticallydifferentforms, occurring inmanyfruits,animaltissuesandfluids,etc.
- Glycogen: awhite,tastelesspolysaccharide constitutingtheprincipalcarbohydratestoragematerialin animalsandoccurringchieflyintheliver and inmuscle.
- Fat: anyofagroupoforganiccompoundsthataregreasytothetouch, insolubleinwater,andsolubleinalcoholandether:lipidscomprisethe fatsandconstitute,with proteinsandcarbohydrates,thechiefstructuralcomponentsofliving cells.
- Triglycerides: three fatty acids attached to a glycerol back bone that make up most fat storage in the body.
- Protein: 20ormoreaminoacidslinkedinagenetically controlledlinearsequenceintooneormorelongpolypeptidechains
- Gluconeogenesis: glucoseformationinanimalsfromanoncarbohydratesource,asfrom proteinsorfats.
Energy for Work
- Adenosine triphosphate: servingasasourceofenergyforphysiological reactions,especiallymusclecontraction.
- Adenosine diphosphate: derivedfromATP,andservingtotransferenergy duringglycolysis.
- B-oxidation: aprocessbywhichfattyacidsaredegraded,involvingoxidationofthe betacarbonsandremovalofsuccessivetwo-carbonfragmentsfrom thefattyacid.
- Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC): a measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity
(compare these definitions with those from the text)